About the Expedition
Due to the overwhelming success of the Antarctic University Expedition 2009, Students on Ice will offer a second Antarctic University Expedition in February 2011. Please contact Students on Ice for further details.
IPY Antarctic University Expedition: February 12-28, 2009
Welcome and thank you for your interest in the International Polar Year (IPY) Antarctic University Expedition 2009 ship-based field course.
This expedition provides a wonderful opportunity to experience one of the most exceptional places on Earth. We will use an interdisciplinary approach to examine the uniqueness of the Antarctic continent, its political, scientific and exploration history.
Once in Antarctic waters, all students will make frequent field trips to the Antarctic mainland via Zodiac inflatables from the main ship. These landings will be supplemented by lectures and lab exercises in dedicated space aboard our expedition vessel, the M/V Ushuaia.
The IPY Antarctic University Expedition 2009 has been endorsed by the
IPY Joint Committee as a prominent and valued component of the IPY
program. A key component of the Students on Ice – International
Polar Year Youth Expeditions series,
it represents one of the largest Education and Outreach initiatives
in the World for the International Polar Year 2007-2009. The expedition will have approximately 70 participating University students,
and 19 University faculty, scientists, experts, and educators. Undergraduate
and graduate students from around the world and from any University can
apply to participate.
International Polar Year
(IPY)
The International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2009 is a two year program of
science, research and education focused on the Arctic and Antarctic regions.
International researchers from universities, northern communities, and
governments are working to advance our understanding of cultural, social,
economic and health dimensions, as well as geophysical, climate and biological
processes in polar regions.
The polar regions are remote areas of the Earth that have profound significance
for the Earth’s climate and ultimately environment, ecosystems
and human society. However, we remain largely unaware of how polar climate
operates and its interaction with polar environments, ecosystems and
societies. To have any hope of understanding the current global climate
and what might happen in the future, the science community needs a better
picture of conditions at the poles and how they interact with and influence
the oceans, atmosphere and land masses. Existing climate models do not
work well in the polar regions and have for example failed to predict
the dramatic break-up of Antarctic ice shelves observed in recent years.
The three fastest warming regions on the planet in the last two decades
have been Alaska, Siberia and parts of the Antarctic Peninsula. Thus,
the polar regions are highly sensitive to climate change and this raises
real concern for the future of polar ecosystems and societies.
There have been a number of major international science initiatives
in the polar regions since the first International Polar Year in 1882-1883
and all have had a major influence in overhauling our understanding of
global processes in these important areas. These initiatives have involved
an intense period of interdisciplinary research, collecting a broad range
of measurements that provide a snapshot in time of the state of the polar
regions.
The last such initiative was the International Geophysical Year in 1957-1958,
involving 80,000 scientists from 67 countries. It produced unprecedented
exploration and discoveries in many fields of research and fundamentally
changed how science was conducted in the polar regions. Fifty years on,
technological developments such as Earth observation satellites, autonomous
vehicles and molecular biology techniques offer enormous opportunities
for a further quantum step forward in our understanding of polar systems.
The current IPY also affords and opportunity to engage the next generation
of young Earth scientists and to raise the public’s understanding
of just how big a role the poles play in maintaining the entire Earth’s
climate and ecosystems.
See www.ipycanada.ca or www.ipy.org for
more details.
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Antarctica
Antarctica is an amazing and incredibly unique continent. It is both
an austere and inhospitable land and home to some of the most extraordinary
biodiversity on the planet. It is a desert with vaulting mountains, 
immense
glaciers, active volcanoes and awe-inspiring vistas. Antarctica
is a cornerstone of the planet’s global ecosystem; a window to
the world; a symbol of peace, understanding and conservation; and one
of the greatest classrooms and laboratories on Earth.
Antarctica was not always in its present southerly location. At one
time it was part of present day Australia and Gondwanaland. Remains of
dinosaurs and tropical forests have been discovered. Indeed, the whole
concept of continental drift is made more fascinating by a study of this
land of extremes.
Although the average water accumulation (arriving in the form of snow
or ice) is only 12-15 centimeters or 5-6 inches (5 centimetres/2
inches or less over much of the interior), the icecap has reached a thickness
of over 4000 metres in some areas and covers about 14 million square
kilometers. Ninety-eight percent of Antarctica’s continental area
is covered with ice. This accounts for ninety percent of the world’s
ice and sixty-eight percent of the Earth’s fresh water. If all
this ice melted the Earth’s ocean level would rise 50 to 60 metres.
Beneath the icecap lies a rocky landmass of about 7 million square kilometers.
It is estimated that much of the landmass of western Antarctica is depressed
into the Earth’s crust to a depth of 1000 metres lower than its
original level. However, large mountains soar as high as 5140 metres
(16,859 feet).
There is little flora in Antarctica but what exists is significant.
Brilliantly coloured lichens and mosses establish themselves in ice-free
areas and the frigid sea provides haven for many varieties of microscopic
life (phytoplankton).
Fauna exists in overwhelming abundance, especially during the brief
austral summer. Hundreds of thousands of penguins gather to breed and
feed. Whales, seals and albatross share the vast spaces. Krill, the most
abundant animal in the world, occupies a central place in the Antarctic
ecosystem and provides the basic food source for many Antarctic predators.
Man can be counted among the potential, voracious consumers.
Human activity has been recent and limited but there is an exciting
and sometimes unsettling history of exploration and exploitation. The
remains of decades old whaling stations and exploration outposts stand
as silent reminders of past activity. Abandoned and active research stations
are testament to the political and scientific presence in Antarctica
of several nations. The Antarctic Treaty came into force in 1961 and
remains one of the most effective international agreements ever signed.
As of February 2008, forty-six (46) members adhere to the Treaty and
an annual meeting is held to discuss a range of issues.
The history of exploration is a fascinating one. Speculation existed
from the beginning of the first millennium of the existence of a southern
continent. The first recorded expedition to search for it began with
Bouvet’s expedition in 1738. Successive voyages by explorers, including
the amazing navigator James Cook, proved the existence of a southern
land but ice and sea conditions and adverse weather prevented any sightings.
In 1821, Bellinghausen was the first to record sighting the continent
although there is evidence that whalers and sealers had been keeping
it secret for some years! Feats of great bravery, lies and intrigue,
tragic failures and incredible successes are found in the stories of
the early and present day explorers.
Much remains to be discovered, and protected, as you join the ranks
of Antarctic explorers.
Speculation over the existence of a “southern land” was
not confirmed until the early 1820s when British and American commercial
operators and British and Russian national expeditions began exploring
the Antarctic Peninsula region and other areas south of the Antarctic
Circle. Not until 1840 was it established that Antarctica was indeed
a continent and not just a group of islands. Several exploration “firsts” were
achieved in the early 20th century.
Following World War II, there was an upsurge in scientific research
on the continent. A number of countries have set up year-round research
stations on Antarctica. Seven have made territorial claims, but not all
countries recognize these claims. In order to form a legal framework
for the activities of nations on the continent, an Antarctic Treaty was
negotiated that neither denies nor gives recognition to existing territorial
claims; signed in 1959, it entered into force in 1961.
General Information about Antarctica:
Expedition Vessel
M/V “USHUAIA” - The motor vessel “USHUAIA” is a steel-hulled, ice-strengthened
ship for Antarctic supply and oceanographic research, completely refurbished
to meet both passenger and oceanographic needs. The M/V “USHUAIA” is
ISM Code certified. The crew is committed to protecting the environment
and the safety of passengers.
| Ice class: |
ABS 1 |
| Passengers: |
89 |
| Speed: |
15 Knots |
| Length: |
85 m |
| Breadth: |
15.5 m |
| Engine: |
3200 HP |
| Bow thruster: |
500 HP |
| Crew: |
30 |
Originally built for the National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the M/V USHUAIA has been refurbished to accommodate a maximum of 89 passengers and staff in 45 comfortable twin cabins. The ice-strengthened polar vessel USHUAIA is very well appointed and provides ample deck space and an open bridge policy. The ship is extremely manoeuvrable and ideal for this type of expedition. The full complement of inflatable landing craft Zodiacs allow us to explore, conduct landings, field research, and wildlife viewing on the otherwise inaccessible coastline.
Public areas feature a large dining room, an observation lounge, a conference room with modern multimedia equipment, a well-stocked library, a mud room, a laboratory, and a small infirmary. USHUAIA’s chefs prepare excellent meals each day. The vessel’s expert captain, officers and crew are highly experienced in Antarctic navigation and have a great love of the Antarctic ecosystem. Our specialist team of international experts, scientists and field staff will help to deliver the education program and are all passionate about the protection of the Antarctic environment.
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Itinerary
Thursday, February 12th – Friday, February 28th, 2009
Our Antarctic itinerary is always subject to change due to weather and ice conditions. It is rare that we ever follow an itinerary exactly as planned. One of the mottos of expedition travel is “Flexibility is the Key.” We take advantage of all our opportunities, while at the same time respecting the power of the Antarctic climate. With these points in mind, here is an outline of our exciting itinerary:
Thursday, February 12th, 2009
The journey begins for various expedition members from around the world making their way south to Argentina between February 11th-13th.
Today, a group of 50 expeditioners board an overnight flight from Toronto to Buenos Aires. This will be a great opportunity to catch-up with some last minute Antarctic reading. The adventure officially begins!
Friday, February 13th, 2009
Buenos Aires, Argentina
The Toronto group arrives in Buenos Aires to meet some of our international student participants. Together they will enjoy a day touring the city and overnight in Buenos Aires before continuing to Ushuaia.
Other expedition members have arrived in Ushuaia independently today.
Saturday, February 14th, 2009
Buenos Aires and Ushuaia, Argentina
The southward journey continues for the Toronto group. They leave Buenos Aires and catch a group flight to Ushuaia! Located on the shores of the Beagle Channel, this beautiful region is home to mountains, forests and glaciers. Upon arrival this morning, the Toronto group will check into the Hotel Del Glaciar and have a chance to shower, change and rest.
This evening, we will have our first Expedition Briefing at the hotel and discuss our adventure ahead.
Expedition members who have arranged their accommodations independently in Ushuaia will join us for the Expedition briefing and a group dinner.
Sunday, February 15th, 2009
Ushuaia, Argentina
Our expedition program begins! Today we spend a full day exploring Ushuaia and the surrounding region. Students are offered the choice to hike into the Tierra del Fuego backcountry or visit Harberton Ranch.
The evening, all students and staff will overnight together at the Hotel Del Glaciar. The evening program includes an Expedition Briefing at the hotel to discuss next day activities, followed by dinner as a complete expedition team!
Monday, February 16th, 2009
Ushuaia, Argentina and Beagle Channel
Today will be a combination of educational presentations and workshops.
This afternoon we board our expedition vessel the M/V “USHUAIA” at the dock in Ushuaia. After checking into our cabins, there will be an Introductory Briefing with our Expedition Leader, the Education Team, fellow student participants and the ship’s staff. Soon after we’ll cast off the lines and set sail down the Beagle Channel towards the Drake Passage. Our shipboard journey to Antarctica begins! This evening, we will participate in a mandatory emergency drill and be on the look out for the Southern Cross…
Tuesday, February 17th, 2009
Drake Passage
We spend the day at sea sailing across the infamous Drake Passage towards
Antarctica. Our shipboard education program kicks off and there
will be an important briefing on Antarctic visitor guidelines. Be sure
to get out on deck in search of whales and seabirds, including the mighty
Wandering Albatross!
Wednesday, February 18th, 2009
Drake Passage and South Shetland Islands
We cross the Antarctic convergence during our second day at sea. Our
shipboard education program continues and we’ll be instructed on
Zodiac safety and landing procedures. Depending on weather conditions
and the speed of our Drake Passage crossing, we may attempt our first
landing in the South Shetland Islands.
Thursday, February 19th, 2009
Antarctica
Our first full day in Antarctica! Almost 24-hour daylight will allow
us take full advantage of our days here. Possible landing sites today
include Brown Bluff and a visit to the Argentine Station Esperanza.
Thousands of Adelie and Gentoo penguins and their chicks await us at
these sites, and we’ll be in excellent whale watching territory.
Friday, February 20th, 2009
Antarctica
Today we’ll have a full day for exploring and making landings
along the Antarctic Peninsula. If weather conditions permit, we’ll
attempt Zodiac landings and cruises on and around Deception Island. This
horseshoe shaped dormant volcano is also home to a giant Chinstrap penguin
colony and abandoned whaling station.
Saturday, February 21st, 2009
Antarctica
Today we’ll have another full day of Zodiac landings, cruises
and educational activities. We hope to make visits to Danco Island, Neko
Harbour and Goudier Island. At Neko Harbour, we’ll be able
to hike up onto a small icecap for an incredible view of Andvord Bay
and some ice-coring activities.
We may be able to visit Port Lockroy's United Kingdom Antarctic Heritage Trust museum and post office, examining Whale bones and observing Cormorants.
Sunday, February 22nd, 2009
Antarctica
Today is another full day of landings and educational activities. By
now the beauty and wonder of Antarctica will have cast its spell over
us. We hope to try and explore Yalour and Pleneau Islands, and also
visit the Ukrainian station Vernadsky, one of the most interesting and
active scientific research bases in Antarctica.
Monday, February 23rd, 2009
Antarctica
Our final full day in Antarctica will be spent on exploring areas around Skontorp Cove, Cuverville Island and the Melchior Islands. More workshops in the field and landings are planned. This
evening we bid farewell to Antarctica and begin our journey back to South
America.
Tuesday, February 24th, 2009
Drake Passage
We spend the day at sea reflecting on the experiences and adventures
behind us. Our shipboard education program continues with a variety of presentations, workshops and activities.
Wednesday, February 25th, 2009
Drake Passage and Beagle Channel
Our shipboard education program wraps up. Weather conditions
permitting, we’ll sail around famous Cape Horn! This evening we
arrive back to the Beagle Channel. Tonight we celebrate our expedition
with a farewell dinner and special presentations.
Thursday, February 26th, 2009
Ushuaia, Argentina
This morning, we arrive back in Ushuaia. Upon disembarking our ship and saying goodbye to the crew, all students and staff will transfer to the Hotel Del Glaciar for check in.
Transfers are provided to Ushuaia for lunch in town. The afternoon is free time for those who wish to explore the city, visit the museums, or hike. This evening, we will enjoy a group dinner in town and overnight at the hotel before most of us begin our travel home the next morning.
Friday, February 27th, 2009
Ushuaia, Argentina
Today our expedition’s education program wraps up. Many student participants will board return flights to Toronto and begin their homeward journeys.
Saturday, February 28th, 2009
Students arrive home to their respective countries and home Universities.
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